Back to How to Solve

How to Solve Geometry Word Problems

Geometry word problems are not about memorizing dozens of formulas. They are about translating a story into a diagram, then turning that diagram into one clean equation. If you can do those two translations, you can solve most geometry word problems consistently.

🧾 Word Problems⏱️ ~24 min read🟡 Intermediate

Want the diagram and equation setup?

Try our ai math solver to translate the story into a diagram, pick the right formula, and solve for the unknown with unit checks.

Solve Now →

The Universal 5-Step Recipe

  1. 1) Draw the picture (even a rough sketch works).
  2. 2) Label all known values and units.
  3. 3) Choose x for the target unknown.
  4. 4) Pick one formula that matches the story.
  5. 5) Solve and check units + reasonableness.

The biggest improvement you can make is to write the formula you are using before substituting numbers. That prevents mixing perimeter and area, or area and volume.

Example 1: Fence Around a Rectangle (Perimeter)

Problem: A rectangular garden is 12 m long and 7 m wide. How much fencing is needed to go around it once?

Perimeter of a rectangle:

P = 2L + 2W
= 2(12) + 2(7)
= 24 + 14
= 38

Answer: 38 meters of fencing.

Example 2: Carpet for a Room (Area)

Problem: A room is 15 ft by 10 ft. How many square feet of carpet are needed?

A = L·W = 15·10 = 150

Answer: 150 ft².

Example 3: Ladder Against a Wall (Right Triangle)

Problem: A ladder is 13 ft long and reaches 12 ft up a wall. How far is the base from the wall?

This is a right triangle: the ladder is the hypotenuse.

x^2 + 12^2 = 13^2
x^2 + 144 = 169
x^2 = 25
x = 5

Answer: 5 ft.

Example 4: Volume of a Box (3D Units)

Problem: A storage box is 2 ft by 1.5 ft by 4 ft. What is its volume?

Volume of a rectangular prism:

V = L·W·H
= 2·1.5·4
= 12

Answer: 12 ft³.

Example 5: Composite Shapes (Break It Into Pieces)

Problem: A patio is shaped like a rectangle plus a semicircle attached to one short side. The rectangle is 10 m by 6 m, and the semicircle has diameter 6 m. Find the total area.

Draw the shape, then compute area as “rectangle + semicircle.” The semicircle radius is 3 m.

A_total = A_rect + A_semi
A_rect = 10·6 = 60
A_semi = (1/2)·π·r^2 = (1/2)·π·3^2 = (9π)/2

Total area = 60 + (9π)/2 square meters. If you use π ≈ 3.14, the semicircle adds about 14.13 m².

This is the most common “composite” pattern: don’t hunt for a new formula—use familiar formulas on smaller pieces, then add or subtract.

Example 6: Scaling and Similar Figures

Problem: A photo is enlarged so that every length is multiplied by 1.5. If the original area was 48 cm², what is the new area?

When lengths scale by k, areas scale by k² (and volumes scale by k³). Here k = 1.5.

new area = 48 · (1.5)^2
= 48 · 2.25
= 108

Answer: 108 cm². A quick reasonableness check: enlarging by 50% in both directions should more than double the area, which matches 48 → 108.

Example 7: Coordinate Geometry in a Word Problem

Problem: A drone flies from point A(−2, 1) to point B(4, 9). How far did it travel (straight-line distance)?

Translate the story into geometry: the path is the distance between two points. Use distance formula (which comes from the Pythagorean theorem).

distance = √((4 − (−2))^2 + (9 − 1)^2)
= √(6^2 + 8^2)
= √(36 + 64)
= √100
= 10

Answer: 10 units. The unit depends on the context (meters, miles, etc.), so always look back at the problem statement.

A Good “Last Step” Check

  • Units: perimeter is units, area is square units, volume is cubic units.
  • Size: does the number fit the story? (A room area of 15 ft² would be tiny.)
  • Direction: if a length increases, area/volume should not decrease.

These quick checks catch most mistakes without redoing the whole problem.

How to Pick the Right Formula Fast

When you feel stuck, don’t reread the whole problem repeatedly. Instead, circle the “ask” (what the problem wants) and underline the “givens” (the measurements you already have). The formula you choose should match the unit and the ask.

  • Fence, border, around: perimeter or circumference (units).
  • Covering, paint, carpet: area (square units).
  • Fill, capacity, how much fits: volume (cubic units).
  • Corner-to-corner, diagonal, shortest path: Pythagorean theorem or distance formula.

If the problem mixes units (like inches and feet), do the unit conversion before substituting into the formula. That one habit prevents a lot of “everything looks right but the answer is wrong” situations.

Common Pitfalls (and How to Avoid Them)

Mixing area and perimeter

Perimeter is a distance around (units). Area is coverage (square units). Write the formula name first.

Ignoring unit conversions

Convert before solving. If one length is in inches and another in feet, you will get nonsense.

Not defining x

If you jump into equations without defining the unknown, it’s easy to solve for the wrong thing.

Overcomplicating diagrams

Your sketch doesn’t need to be perfect. It needs to show relationships and labels.

If you want a trustworthy formula reference for common shapes (area, circumference, volume), the compact tables on Khan Academy geometrycan be a handy refresher when a specific formula slips your mind.

Practice Problems

  1. A circular track has radius 50 m. What is its circumference? (Use π ≈ 3.14.)
  2. A triangle has base 10 cm and height 7 cm. What is its area?
  3. A cylinder has radius 3 cm and height 10 cm. What is its volume? (Use π ≈ 3.14.)
  4. A diagonal of a rectangle is 13 and one side is 5. Find the other side.

Want the Equation Setup for Your Story Problem?

Paste the word problem and get a labeled diagram and the formula-based equation.

Try AI Math Solver →
How to Solve Geometry Word Problems | Draw, Translate, Solve (with Examples)