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How to Solve Linear Equations Step by Step

Master the foundational skill of algebra: solving equations like 3x + 5 = 14 with confidence.

πŸ“ Algebra⏱️ ~10 min readπŸ“Š Beginner

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What You'll Learn

  • βœ“The "balance" principle behind equation solving
  • βœ“How to isolate the variable step by step
  • βœ“Handling equations with variables on both sides
  • βœ“How to check your answer every time

What Is a Linear Equation?

A linear equation is an equation where the variable (usually x) has an exponent of 1β€”no xΒ², no √x, just plain x. Examples include 2x + 3 = 11 and 5 - 4x = 3x + 12.

The goal is always the same: isolate x on one side of the equals sign. Whatever you do to one side, you must do to the other to keep the equation balancedβ€”like a scale.

For a deeper dive into the theory, see Khan Academy's algebra course.

The 5-Step Method

Step 1: Simplify Each Side

If there are parentheses, distribute first. Then combine like terms on each side separately.

2(x + 3) + 4 = 16
β†’ 2x + 6 + 4 = 16
β†’ 2x + 10 = 16

Step 2: Move Variable Terms to One Side

If x appears on both sides, add or subtract to get all x terms on one side (usually the left).

5x + 3 = 2x + 15
β†’ 5x - 2x + 3 = 15 (subtract 2x from both sides)
β†’ 3x + 3 = 15

Step 3: Move Constants to the Other Side

Add or subtract to get all numbers (without x) on the opposite side from your variable.

3x + 3 = 15
β†’ 3x = 15 - 3 (subtract 3 from both sides)
β†’ 3x = 12

Step 4: Isolate the Variable

Divide (or multiply) both sides by the coefficient of x to get x alone.

3x = 12
β†’ x = 12 Γ· 3
β†’ x = 4 βœ“

Step 5: Check Your Answer

Substitute your answer back into the original equation. Both sides should be equal.

Original: 5x + 3 = 2x + 15
Check: 5(4) + 3 = 2(4) + 15
β†’ 20 + 3 = 8 + 15
β†’ 23 = 23 βœ“

Worked Examples

Example 1: Simple two-step equation

Solve: 4x - 7 = 13

4x - 7 = 13
4x = 13 + 7 = 20
x = 20 Γ· 4
x = 5

Example 2: Variables on both sides

Solve: 7x - 4 = 3x + 12

7x - 4 = 3x + 12
7x - 3x = 12 + 4
4x = 16
x = 4

Example 3: With distribution

Solve: 3(2x - 1) = 4x + 7

6x - 3 = 4x + 7 (distribute)
6x - 4x = 7 + 3
2x = 10
x = 5

Common Mistakes to Avoid

⚠️

Forgetting to apply operations to BOTH sides

If you add 5 to the left, you must add 5 to the right too.

⚠️

Sign errors when moving terms

Moving +3 to the other side means subtracting 3, not adding.

⚠️

Distributing incorrectly

In 2(x - 3), the 2 multiplies BOTH x AND -3, giving 2x - 6.

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How to Solve Linear Equations Step by Step | Complete Guide