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How to Solve Quadratics by Square Roots

When you can isolate a squared term, this is one of the cleanest methods. The key is the ± rule.

🟩 Algebra⏱️ ~14 min read📊 Intermediate

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When Does This Method Work?

Solving by square roots works when the quadratic can be written in a form where a squared expression is isolated, such as:

x² = k
(x − h)² = k

This often happens when the middle term is missing (b = 0), or when the quadratic is already a perfect square (or can become one after a small rewrite).

If you want a few more examples specifically for the “solve by square roots” approach, Purplemath’s guide to solving quadratics is a helpful reference.

The Most Important Rule: ±

The biggest reason students miss solutions is forgetting the plus/minus. If you have:

x² = 9

then x can be 3 or -3, because 3² = 9 and (-3)² = 9. That's why we write:

x = ±3

💡 Quick memory trick

Square roots while solving equations always come with ± (unless you are taking a principal square root in other contexts).

Step-by-Step Method

Step 1: Isolate the squared expression

Use addition/subtraction to move constants, and division to make the coefficient 1 if needed. Your goal is x² = k or (x − h)² = k.

Step 2: Take square roots on both sides

When you take the square root, include ±: x = ±√k or x − h = ±√k.

Step 3: Solve for x

If you have x − h = ±√k, add h to both sides.

Step 4: Check both solutions

Always plug both answers back into the original equation.

Worked Examples

Example 1: No middle term

Solve: 2x² - 18 = 0

2x² - 18 = 0
2x² = 18
x² = 9
x = ±3
Solutions: x = 3, x = -3

Example 2: Isolate x² first

Solve: x² + 7 = 23

x² + 7 = 23
x² = 16
x = ±4
Solutions: x = 4, x = -4

Example 3: Perfect square form

Solve: (x - 3)² = 16

(x - 3)² = 16
x - 3 = ±√16
x - 3 = ±4
x = 3 + 4 = 7
x = 3 - 4 = -1
Solutions: x = 7, x = -1

Example 4: No real solutions (negative k)

Solve: x² = -9

x² = -9
No real number squared equals -9 → no real solutions.
(In complex numbers: x = ±3i)

Why Checking Matters

Checking is especially important when you manipulate square roots. It also catches algebra mistakes. If your equation is already in a squared form, it's usually safe—but checking takes seconds and can save you from losing points.

For a full overview of solving quadratics (including factoring, completing the square, and the quadratic formula), start here: how to solve a quadratic equation step by step.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

⚠️

Forgetting ±

This is the #1 mistake. Always write x = ±√k.

⚠️

Taking √(a + b) as √a + √b

That rule is NOT true in general (e.g., √(9+16) ≠ √9 + √16).

⚠️

Not isolating the square first

Make sure the square is alone before taking the square root.

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How to Solve Quadratics by Square Roots | Step-by-Step